SIMP - IBIO: biometric identification in criminal investigations

The problem

Identity verification processes in criminal investigations were hindered by the fragmentation of biometric data, the coexistence of records on different media, and the use of largely manual procedures.

This situation led to delays and difficulties in accessing key information promptly for judicial decision-making.

Accurate identification of suspects, age determination, and the review of prior records are essential to ensuring effective investigations and due process. In response to these challenges, there was a need for a tool that would enhance the speed, precision, traceability, and reliability of identity verification processes.

The solution

To address the limitations of traditional identification mechanisms, the team developed and implemented an artificial intelligence–based multibiometric identification platform. The project included digitising historical records, integrating previously dispersed biometric information, acquiring specialised technological infrastructure, defining usage protocols, and training the operational teams involved.

The Sistema Informático del Ministerio Público - Identificación Biométrica (SIMP-IBIO) is a multibiometric identification tool developed and implemented by the Public Prosecutor’s Office of the Province of Buenos Aires, aimed at strengthening the accurate identification of accused individuals during Preliminary Investigations.

It has been running since April 2017 and represents a technological innovation focused on improving the quality, efficiency, and traceability of identity verification processes in Buenos Aires Province.

Based on the responsible use of Artificial Intelligence technologies, particularly deep learning techniques and deep neural networks, the system integrates fingerprints and facial images into a unique multibiometric pattern. This capability enables high-precision identifications, reducing the risk of error and enhancing the reliability of information used in criminal investigations.

The implementation began with pilot experiences at two of the 29 Identification of Persons Offices (OTIP) and was subsequently expanded to the rest of the Province. This process included the digitisation of approximately 400,000 historical records generated since 2001, the acquisition of specialised technology infrastructure, the development of operational protocols, and the training of the teams involved. This tool plays a crucial role in ensuring the accurate identification of accused individuals.

This new platform integrates into the Criminal Investigation Information System of the Public Prosecutor's Office (SIMPIC), consolidating biometric and personal data into a single digital record. Through interoperable web services, it securely consults national and provincial databases, enabling high-precision identifications and facilitating timely access to information relevant to criminal investigations and judicial decision-making.

The impact

1. 487,000 biometric identifications registered, producing over 350,000 unique case files
SIMP-IBIO has proven effective in optimising response times within procedural deadlines, reducing manual tasks, and avoiding duplication, thereby strengthening operational efficiency and the quality of identity verification processes. To date, approximately 487,000 biometric identifications have been registered, resulting in more than 350,000 unique case files.

2. Match resolution reduced from up to three months to same-day
The system has also streamlined the detection, analysis, and validation of potential matches. Previously, resolving a match could take anywhere from a few days to up to three months, due to paper-based processing and system bottlenecks; today, most cases are resolved within the same day, strengthening the quality, integrity, and availability of forensic information.

3. Agreements signed with other jurisdictions for adoption
Given these results, specific agreements have been signed with other jurisdictions to promote capacity transfer and adoption of the tool in new institutional contexts, further consolidating its contribution to strengthening justice and digital governance.

Lessons learned

• A gradual approach reduced risk and improved results. The implementation of SIMP-IBIO has demonstrated that it is possible to significantly improve the accuracy and speed of identification processes and to substantially reduce response times. A key success factor was the gradual approach: starting with pilot programmes before progressively scaling across the province, which allowed the team to refine protocols and de-risk implementation.
• Interdisciplinary collaboration was decisive. The collaboration among different areas of the Public Prosecutor's Office, the Judicial Police, the Criminal Policy Secretariat, and the Secretariat of Innovation, through the Undersecretariat of Information Technology, was decisive in addressing complex challenges such as this one.
• Cultural change and process standardisation should be prioritised from the start. Two critical aspects of the process were managing cultural change and standardising work processes, both of which proved key to improving the quality of results. If starting over, the team would place greater emphasis on both from the outset.

The regulatory framework that shaped the design of this tool comprises the Province's Code of Criminal Procedure and the national Personal Data Protection Act.