The role of regional cooperation in inclusive digital transformation

This article is written by Hsiao Chink Tang, Senior Economist at, Asian Development Bank, and Anne Cortez, Communications Consultant, at Asian Development Bank.

The problem: Despite the many opportunities presented by digital advancement in Asia, a great part of the region’s digital potential remains untapped and key regulatory, infrastructural, financial and capacity challenges remain.
Why it matters: This contributes to a widening digital divide between countries that are under-connected and those that are digitalised.
The solution: A solution to bridge this gap and drive inclusive digital growth in Asia is regional cooperation.

Digitalisation (opens in a new tab) is a key driver of competitiveness and development. As the world takes the path to unprecedented digital advancement, Asia continues to be a powerhouse of digital transformations in a wide range of areas, from microchip manufacturing to electric vehicles, from digital currency to e-commerce.

The coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic has accelerated digital transformations, but not all countries have benefited equally. For example, rural farmers (opens in a new tab) in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) were able to take advantage of the existing digital mobile network, digital payment and logistic services to find alternative markets and sell their produce online. Many turned (opens in a new tab) to established e-commerce platforms, such as Pinduoduo, Taobao and JD, and doing so innovatively via live-streaming.

In contrast, rural farmers in some other (opens in a new tab) parts (opens in a new tab) of Asia struggled to keep their livelihoods during the pandemic. Without access to face-to-face trades due to lockdowns, let alone selling online, many had to live with little or no income.

Businesses of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in many parts of Asia also suffered during the pandemic. Even in ordinary circumstances, persistent barriers such as poor and costly infrastructure, poor digital literacy and limited government support hinder the growth of MSMEs in many developing economies. Inevitably, during Covid-19, many MSMEs failed to capitalise on the pandemic-triggered digital transformation (opens in a new tab).

Finding opportunities from challenges

The above are some of the issues discussed in a dialogue (opens in a new tab) organised by the ADB-PRC Regional Knowledge Sharing Initiatives (opens in a new tab) (RKSI) and the Ministry of Finance, the PRC, on the topic of digital transformation and regional cooperation.

The forum acknowledged that despite the many opportunities presented by the digital economy in Asia, a great part of the region’s digital (opens in a new tab) potential remains untapped and key regulatory, infrastructural, financial and capacity challenges remain. There is also a widening digital divide between countries that are under-connected and those that are digitalised.

Region-wide cooperation allows governments and stakeholders to coordinate policies, share costs of building and maintaining infrastructure and expand markets to advance the digital economy.

Prevailing digital infrastructure and non-infrastructure gaps, specifically in e-commerce across Central Asia, are highlighted in a Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program (CAREC) Institute study (opens in a new tab). The study shows that e-commerce development among CAREC countries is highly varied and key gaps remain. These gaps include those in basic digital infrastructure and regulatory policies resulting in a lack of economic opportunities, income inequality and weaknesses in the business environment.

Delivering solutions

A solution (opens in a new tab) to bridge this gap and drive inclusive digital growth is regional cooperation.

In 2021, ministers from Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) member countries endorsed the Digital Strategy 2030 (opens in a new tab), which identifies areas that can catalyse collaboration and digitalisation in the region. Similarly, Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) countries are considering a proposal (opens in a new tab) to promote and enhance cooperation in the digital economy, leveraging the GMS cross-border e-commerce cooperation platform.

Region-wide cooperation allows governments and stakeholders to coordinate policies, share costs of building and maintaining infrastructure and expand markets to advance the digital economy. Regional cooperation mechanisms also help build trust and harmonisation which are crucial for digital development among countries. In turn, digital advancement promotes regional cooperation in trade, finance, transport, energy and other sectors.

To make inclusive digital transformation a reality, cooperation must extend beyond the public sector and encourage collaboration with partners from international organisations, private businesses, MSMEs, civil society (opens in a new tab) and other stakeholders.

Regional cooperation offers great potential to level the field and ensure that no one is left behind in the digital economy. Regional cooperation also means sharing and learning from country experiences across the region. There are rich lessons and inspirational stories from not just digital-focused firms, but also individuals with digital skills, who have transformed their lives and that of their families and communities waiting to be heard and shared.

Regional-focused platforms such as CAREC, GMS and RKSI play a crucial role on this front in facilitating such cross-border knowledge exchanges and partnerships to ensure inclusive and sustainable development and improve people’s wellbeing.

The role of regional cooperation in inclusive digital transformation Shuxia Cui, 80, sells fruits via livestream in Taiping Bao Village, Taiping Town, Airport New City, Xi Xian New Area, Shaanxi Province, the PRC. Source: China Daily.